Limba engleza contemporana - grile

Limba engleza contemporana - grile

Intrebarea nr. 1

The "modal" Adjective certain cannot take a Gerund as Subject.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 2

The relation of Coordination renders a parallelism, and a similarity of the conjoined elements.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 3

The relativised elements in Non-Finite Participial Relative Clauses are replaced by complex relative

pronouns.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 4

With the Phrasal Verb to turn out, the Extraposition of the Subject THAT Clause is not compulsory.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 5

As a consequence of their nominal features, Gerunds can no longer be modified by adverbs.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 6

Negative Raising cannot apply in the following Complex Sentence: Many studies on animal behaviour

demonstrate that the use of tools is not exclusively human.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 7

The Verb prohibit cannot be a Subject-to-Object Raising trigger.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 8

All Reduction Rules can operate upon the first conjunct.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 9

The Tense of the Predicative Verb of a THAT Clause does not depend in any way upon the Tense of

the matrix Predicative Verb.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 10

The occurrence of Indefinite Free Relative Clauses typically employs a referential (deictic) use of the

definite article as antecedent determiner.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 11

V-Gapping may also delete the identical Auxiliaries.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 12

In case of the following string, phrasal coordination is basic: Linguistic factors and social

circumstances intertwine in the evolution of any idiom.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 13

In relativisation, it is not possible for the Main Clause occurrence of the shared element to be missing,

while the one in the Subordinate is retained.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 14

In case of the following string, phrasal coordination is the result of reduction: In several mental

disorders, one of the most evident symptoms is that reality and fantasy conflate in the patient's mind.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 15

The Adjective unlikely cannot be a Subject-to-Subject Raising trigger.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 16

The evaluative Adjective natural can take a Half Gerund as Subject.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 17

In Subject-to-Subject Raising patterns, the embedded Infinitival Clause may function as an Adverbial

or as a modifier.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 18

The Extraposition from Object position of Gerundial Clauses is not obligatory.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 19

Certain abstract Nouns co-occurring with THAT Clauses as Predicatives may also take such clauses

as Subjects or Attributes.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 20

The following string is an instance of Complex NP Shift freely applying with a Full Gerund: Is the

media's uncovering all his dirty wheeling-and-dealing really going to put an end to his scandalous

political career?

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 21

The FOR-phrase is not an obligatory constituent in FOR-TO Infinitive Constructions.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 22

If the identical element is an adverb, the Introducer of the Relative Clause can only be that or as.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 23

The Infinitival Complement Indirect Object cannot be promoted as Subject in the Main Clause.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 24

Complex NP Shift can occur in some patterns featuring a Direct Object THAT Clause.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 25

In the following string, the Gerund functions as Predicative: There are species that simply do not stand

caging.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 26

In case of the following string, the Extraposition of the Complement Clause is optional: The military

keep it a secret that a special biohazard unit has been sent there.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 27

The occurrence of seldom in a sentence requires the co-occurrence of grammatical Polarity Items.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 28

The Noun disaster cannot take a THAT Clause as its sentential Subject.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 29

There is a one-to-one correspondence between the general classification of semantic relations and

the various types of syntactic relations.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 30

Structures of the type 'choose, elect, etc + Object Complement' are the result of an optional deletion of

a progressive BE in the Infinitive Complement Clause.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 31

The presence of an incomplete Negator does not suffice for the sentence featuring it to pass the

Negativity Tests.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 32

Adjectives cannot take THAT Clauses as Direct Objects.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 33

Half Gerunds featuring a pronominal Complement Subject are less typical as Prepositional Objects

than the Full Gerunds the Subject of which is also a pronoun.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 34

Transitive Verbs taking Infinitive Clauses as their Subject obligatorily require the deletion of the

Complement Subject.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 35

Free Relative Clauses function as Sentence modifiers.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 36

The Coordinator OR may be used to express condition.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 37

Dependent Relative Clauses modify the head of their expressed antecedent.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 38

Restrictive Relative Clauses may fill in lexical gaps, acting as substitutes for non-existent in the lexicon

labels.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 39

Appropriateness cannot account for connectedness of clauses within the string: We have already

probed the deep space far beyond the limits of our Solar System, yet we have merely scratched the

surface of our planet.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 40

Local negation triggers the occurrence of Negative Polarity Items.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 41

Matrix emotive Predicates prevent the occurrence of the Subjunctive in a THAT Clause functioning as

Subject.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 42

Coordinators are not the most explicit Relators.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 43

The Subordinate Subject has to be deleted in Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clauses based on Whmovement.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 44

The syntactic function of a Free Relative Clause, and the function of its Introducer may be identical or

different.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 45

Not all Relative Clauses are non-assertive environments.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 46

THAT Clauses functioning as Attributes of abstract Nouns evince Preposition Deletion.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 47

Within Cleft Constructions, the thematically focused element is not always placed after Copula BE.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 48

'One Deletion' may affect the Complement Subject of Gerunds.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 49

Both the FOR-TO Infinitive Construction and TO Complementation may evince aspectual distinctions.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 50

With THAT Clauses, Tense distinctions are lost.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 51

Gerunds do not trigger the turning of a Direct Object into a Genitive Determiner.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 52

Infinitive Clauses are not VP Complements.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 53

The metalinguistic use of Negation is not representational and conceptual.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 54

Local logical negation is not pragmatically constrained.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 55

Referential and linguistic identity are the two compulsory prerequisites of relativisation.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 56

Notional concord cannot account for cases of agreement in the plural.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 57

The correspondent in propositional logic of local logical negation is the internal (or contrary) negation.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 58

Matrix psychological transitive Verbs can only take extraposed THAT Clauses.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 59

There are various abstract Negators which are linguistically actualised as several different realisations.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 60

Sentential logical Negation employs the speaker's subjective attitude as a pragmatic variable.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 61

Subject Control situations are the result of applying passive BE Deletion in the Subordinate Clause.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 62

Polarity Items are derivationally marked as [± assertive].

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 63

There is no systematic correspondence between idiomatic Affirmative and Negative Polarity Items.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 64

The Zero Conjoiner does not occur in syndetic relations.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 65

A for-NP occurring in a Tough Movement pattern is always a matrix constituent.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 66

Gerunds functioning as Attributes of abstract Nouns undergo Preposition Deletion.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 67

Restrictive Relative Clauses can be extraposed.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 68

THAT Deletion is not possible with clauses in topical position.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 69

Certain matrix Verbs of communication may trigger the use of the Subjunctive in THAT Clauses

functioning as Objects.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 70

Half Gerunds are less nouny than Full Gerunds, and less sentency than Embedded (Indirect)

Questions.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 71

The behaviour of Gerunds with respect to Coordination stands as a counter-argument of their

sentencehood.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 72

A matrix Indirect Object and the Complement Subject of an Infinitive Clause functioning as Subject

may be identical or not.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 73

In case of Free Relative Clauses functioning as Subject, the replaced antecedent determines the

singular or plural form of the matrix Verb.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 74

Object Control presupposes a referential identity between the Object in the Main Clause and the

Complement Subject.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 75

Asyndetic relations feature no explicit Connector.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 76

The fact that THAT Clauses pass the 'than-pattern' test stands as a proof of their being non-phrases

(or "abstract nominals").

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 77

Sentences featuring only local negation are positive.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 78

The deletion of the Subordinate Clause occurrence of the identical element is not always an obligatory

stage of the embedding by relativisation mechanism.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 79

Lexemes bearing an inherent semantic negation are the result of morphological processes of

derivation, by means of which negative affixes are added.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 80

Deletion of the Complement Subject cannot apply with Infinitive Clauses functioning as Adverbials.

Adevarat

Fals

Intrebarea nr. 81

Indicate which transformations have occurred in case of the following string:

The tall man was noticed by the shop assistant almost brutally scolding the child.

THAT Deletion; deletion under indefiniteness of the Complement Subject

THAT Deletion; deletion under identity of the Complement Subject; Copula BE Deletion

Subject-to-Subject Raising; Main Clause passivisation

THAT Deletion; Main Clause passivisation

Subject-to-Object Raising; Main Clause passivisation; progressive BE Deletion

Intrebarea nr. 82

Choose the correct function of the embedded clause:

Her father must be a devil to do such awful things to a poor little puppy!

Adverbial of Purpose

Direct Object

Predicative

Attribute

Adverbial of Reason (or Condition)

Intrebarea nr. 83

Choose the correct function of the Relative Clause Introducer:

Could the ones whom we have voted for disappoint us again?!.

Direct Object

Indirect Object

Subject

Genitive Determiner

Prepositional Object

Intrebarea nr. 84

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

Astronomers are now ___ to have overestimated the number of possibly similar to ours planetary

systems in the galaxy.

correct

common

natural

certain

essential

Intrebarea nr. 85

Which of the following meanings can be rendered by an asymmetric use of AND?

conditional

consecutive

none of the three meanings above

concessive

any of the three meanings above

Intrebarea nr. 86

Which of the following Nouns often co-occurs with an Infinitive Clause as Attribute?

strawberry

Lucrare: Viziunea moderna asupra calitatii educatiei Lucrare: Eficiența in comunicarea didactica

wish

dust

engine

plaster

Intrebarea nr. 87

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

Microscopic flaws in the material were ___ to detect.

believed

not impossible

careful

the task

an idea

Intrebarea nr. 88

Choose the correct function of the Relative Clause Introducer:

In that impenetrable jungle, the soldiers had relied solely on the indications of the compass, which

compass was now lost in the white water of the river.

Subject

Determiner

Direct Object

Subject Complement

Indirect Object

Intrebarea nr. 89

Choose the correct function of the Relative Clause Introducer:

As a matter of fact, she knew practically nothing about the man to whom she had lent so much money.

Subject

Prepositional Object

Indirect Object

Direct Object

Predicative

Intrebarea nr. 90

Which of the following Subject-to-Object Raising triggers requires the removal of the raised NP from

post-verbal position?

know

certify

regard

attest

recognise

Intrebarea nr. 91

Choose the correct types and functions of the embedded clauses:

The editor, who was new in the business, had published the manuscript only to discover the

plagiarism later.

Free Relative Clause - Attribute; Non-Finite Participial Relative Clause - modifier

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - VP modifier; Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause - Attribute

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - NP modifier; Infinitive Clause - Adverbial of Result

Restrictive Relative Clause - nominal modifier; Infinitive Clause - Adverbial of Purpose

Free Relative Clause - Subject; Infinitive Clause - Prepositional Object

Intrebarea nr. 92

Which of the following Complex Sentences contains a Subordinate Clause functioning as Sentence

modifier?

Leper, which is generally considered a disease of The Middle Ages, still claims victims even today.

All the students who had not passed the exam were utterly disappointed.

Democracy is often wrongly understood as one's liberty to put into practice whatever crazy idea may cross

one's mind.

The cars for sale which you can find in newspaper ads are not very expensive.

The authorities in charge of the crisis had not complied with any of the demands, which outraged the

leader of the hijackers.

Intrebarea nr. 93

Which of the following strings contains an idiomatic Negative Polarity Item?

Nobody will care to take over any of your responsibilities.

You could scarcely get a worse piece of advice!

I don't want to hear anything about this being likely to happen to anyone any longer!

I cannot translate this pile of documents till tomorrow, since I didn't sleep a wink last night either.

Although Kevin and Roger were the real ones to be blamed for all that had happened, they did not even

bother asking about our brother's health.

Intrebarea nr. 94

Choose the correct function of the embedded clause:

These small submarines are specially designed to operate in shallow waters.

Adverbial of Manner

Adverbial of Purpose

Prepositional Object

Predicative

Attribute

Intrebarea nr. 95

Which type of construction is illustrated by the following string?

What really worries me is her ever increasing greediness.

Gerundial Construction, the Complement Subject being deleted under identity

Nominative + Present Participle Construction

Nominative + (Derived) Subject Complement Construction

Wh-Cleft Construction (Free Relative Clause, focused element right to Copula BE)

Nominative + Past Participle Construction

Intrebarea nr. 96

Identify the semantico-pragmatic factor involved in the relatedness of clauses in case of the following

string:

Helen washed the dishes, wiped them dry, and put them into the cupboard.

semantic equivalence

meaning relatedness among lexemes

temporal relatedness

relatedness by means of Relators

cause - effect relatedness

Intrebarea nr. 97

Choose the correct statement regarding the Complement Subject in the following string:

How selfish it was of her to spend all the money on furs, jewels, and gambling!

It has been deleted under indefiniteness.

It has been promoted as Object in the Main Clause.

It has been promoted as Subject in the Main Clause.

It has been replaced by it.

It has been deleted under referential identity with the Prepositional Object in the Main Clause.

Intrebarea nr. 98

Choose the correct type(s) and function(s) of the embedded clause(s):

In a relatively short time, the sole survivor realised he had practically no recollection of him crawling

out of the wreck of the plane and nearly 200 meters away.

Free Relative Clause - Direct Object

Free Relative Clause - Attribute; Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - NP modifier

THAT Clause - Direct Object; Half Gerund - Attribute

THAT Clause - Predicative

Half Gerund - Prepositional Object

Intrebarea nr. 99

Choose the correct types and functions of the embedded clauses:

What was even worse was the fans evidently going wild.

Embedded (Indirect) Question - Subject; Half Gerund - Direct Object

Free Relative Clause - Subject; Half Gerund - Predicative

Restrictive Relative Clause - Subject; Full Gerund - Direct Object

Free Relative Clause - Subject; Restrictive Relative Clause - Predicative

Embedded (Indirect) Question - Predicative; Complementizerless THAT Clause - Direct Object

Intrebarea nr. 100

Which of the following strings features an asymmetric use of a Coordinator?

We do not positively know whether it was suicide or murder.

A good puppet show can amuse the children, and teach them something at the same time.

Big cats can be raised as pets but this is not the way to treat a wild animal.

The cubs were doing what all cubs do: they were eating, sleeping, and playing.

Politicians promise so many things and so solemnly, and they forget all about their commitments so

quickly and easily!.

Intrebarea nr. 101

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

The spokesman of the Government declared yesterday that there ___ a significant modification in the value added tax collecting system after January, 2012.

would have been

would be

would have occurred

will be

would occur

Intrebarea nr. 102

Indicate which transformations have occurred in case of the following string:

The players quickly judged the newcomer as an individualist.

Complex NP Shift; THAT Deletion

Subject-to-Subject Raising; passive BE Deletion

Subject-to-Subject Raising; Complex NP Shift

Subject-to-Subject Raising; progressive BE Deletion

Subject-to-Object Raising; Copula BE Deletion

Intrebarea nr. 103

Choose the correct analysis (type, function, function of the Introducer) of the embedded clause:

The commanding officer hoped for what his soldiers hoped for, too.

Restrictive Relative Clause, Prepositional Object, Indirect Object

Free Relative Clause, Prepositional Object, Prepositional Object

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause, Adverbial of Purpose, Indirect Object

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause, Adverbial of Purpose, Prepositional Object

Free Relative Clause, Prepositional Object, Indirect Object

Intrebarea nr. 104

Choose the correct type and function of the embedded clause:

Our partners can bet on it that the promotion will have an enormous impact.

THAT Clause - Prepositional Object

Restrictive Relative Clause - PNP modifier

THAT Clause - Attribute

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - PNP modifier

THAT Clause - Direct Object

Intrebarea nr. 105

Choose the correct function of the embedded clause:

It was almost too good to be true.

Predicative

Adverbial of Manner

Adverbial of Result

Object Complement

Adverbial of Purpose

Intrebarea nr. 106

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

He was reluctant ___ details to the media.

that we give

not giving

giving

to give

that he gives

Intrebarea nr. 107

Choose the correct statement regarding the Complement Subject in the following string:

It is not polite to talk in a loud voice in public places.

It has been promoted as Object in the Main Clause.

It has been promoted as Subject in the Main Clause.

It has been deleted under co-referentiality with some NP in the Main Clause.

It has been replaced by it.

It has been deleted under indefiniteness.

Intrebarea nr. 108

Which of the following Nouns can take an Infinitival sentential Subject?

pin

ordeal

sparrow

velocity

array

Intrebarea nr. 109

Choose the correct operation(s) or rule(s) that has (have) applied in case of the following string:

It was not desirable for the third and last group to abort the mission either.

Extraposition + IT Insertion; Negative Raising

Conjunction Reduction; Negative Raising

Extraposition + IT Insertion

IT-Cleaving

Extraposition + IT Insertion; Conjunction Reduction

Intrebarea nr. 110

Which of the following strings features a metalinguistic use of Negation?

I told him to get some money, not to steal it!

She barely bothers telling her parents anything about her.

Hardly can he recover in a month's time, not even with the best medical care that money can buy.

He is ill-tempered, and she is not a very patient nature either.

Joan has won the one-mile race, and this is unbelievable!

Intrebarea nr. 111

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

Considering the immense resources of that company, they could hire ___ they want to.

whichever

whomever

whatever

what

which

Intrebarea nr. 112

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

The camera installed by an extremely frustrated bird lover captured the squirrels ___ the seemingly

unreachable, and yet mysteriously vanishing seeds placed in suspended bowls.

that they stole and ate

that they steal and eat

stolen and eaten

(to be) stealing and eating

to be stolen and eaten

Intrebarea nr. 113

Choose the correct type(s) and function(s) of the embedded clause(s):

One of the outstanding leaders of the opposition has publicly declared his unconditioned support for

the majority's initiative, which bewildered everyone.

Gerundial Clause - Attribute; Restrictive Relative Clause - nominal modifier

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - Sentence modifier

Gerundial Clause - Prepositional Object; Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - VP modifier

Restrictive Relative Clause - nominal modifier

Restrictive Relative Clause - Sentence modifier; Free Relative Clause - Prepositional Object

Intrebarea nr. 114

Choose the correct types and functions of the embedded clauses:

The relatives were not very happy that you consented to their getting married so soon.

THAT Clause - Predicative; Infinitive Clause - Prepositional Object

THAT Clause - Prepositional Object; Full Gerund - Prepositional Object

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - Sentence modifier; Infinitive Clause - Direct Object

THAT Clause - Direct Object; Half Gerund - Direct Object

THAT Clause - Prepositional Object; Infinitive Clause - Direct Object

Intrebarea nr. 115

Which of the following strings contains an inherent semantic negation?

One can hardly imagine such recklessness!

This may just as well be regarded as an illegal operation.

The defendant does not deny that he was in the bank at the time of the robbery.

John was so ill that he was unable to rise in bed.

He could no longer utter a word.

Intrebarea nr. 116

Indicate which operation(s) or rule(s) has (have) applied in the following string:

The local clergy considered there were still two more churches to be built in town.

THERE Insertion; N-Gapping; passivisation (of the Subordinate Clause)

THERE Insertion; THAT Deletion; passivisation (of the Subordinate Clause); deletion by relativisation of

the Subordinate Subject; deletion under indefiniteness of the Subordinate Prepositional Object

Passivisation (of the Subordinate Clause)

Preposition Deletion; THAT Deletion; Subject-to-Object Raising; deletion under identity of the

Subordinate Prepositional Object; Right Node Raising

Preposition Deletion; Subject-to-Object Raising; passivisation (of the Subordinate Clause)

Intrebarea nr. 117

Which is the correct function of the underlined phrase?

In a split second, he felt the bear as ready to attack.

(Derived) Subject Complement

Subject Complement

(Derived) Object Complement

Prepositional Object

Predicative

Intrebarea nr. 118

Choose the correct type and function of the embedded clause:

Under such terrible circumstances, they could no longer even think about what was to follow.

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - Prepositional Object

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - PNP modifier

Complement Clause - Attribute

Restrictive Relative Clause - Sentence modifier

Free Relative Clause - Prepositional Object

Intrebarea nr. 119

Which of the following strings features an asymmetric use of a Coordinator?

We either come up with something really important quickly, or the University will cut off our funding.

The witness could not tell whether the white van that he saw was a Ford or a Mercedes.

In fact, yesterday I found the recommended book to be available at Amazon.com but it was too

expensive for me to purchase it on the spot.

5 minutes to launch, and counting.

The kittens are healthy, and they are growing with every passing day.

Intrebarea nr. 120

Choose the correct rule(s) that has (have) applied in case of the following string:

Peter has been but proves to be no longer a drug addict.

Right Node Raising; Subject-to-Subject Raising; Conjunction Reduction

Right Node Raising; Subject-to-Subject Raising

Conjunction Reduction; Subject-to-Object Raising

Negative Raising

Negative Raising; V-Gapping

Intrebarea nr. 121

Choose the correct function of the Relative Clause Introducer:

Nobody was showing any consideration for whatever these people had been anymore.

Direct Object

Predicative

Determiner

Prepositional Object

Subject

Intrebarea nr. 122

Indicate which transformations have occurred in case of the following string:

In this story, the stepmother does not turn out malevolent.

Subject-to-Subject Raising; Negative Raising

Subject-to-Subject Raising; progressive BE Deletion; Negative Raising

Subject-to-Object Raising; Negative Attraction

Negative Attraction; deletion under identity of the Complement Subject

Subject-to-Subject Raising; Copula BE Deletion; Negative Raising

Intrebarea nr. 123

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

This snake is ___ to touch, for it rarely bites something larger than its usual prey.

not so dangerous

the chosen

wanted

out of danger

an idea

Intrebarea nr. 124

Choose the correct types and functions of the embedded clauses:

The lab assistant simply forgot I had asked for the results to be sent to your office, too.

Free Relative Clause - Direct Object; Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause - modifier

THAT Clause - Prepositional Object; FOR-TO Infinitive Clause - Direct Object

Free Relative Clause - Subject; Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause - modifier

THAT Clause - Direct Object; Free Relative Clause - Direct Object

THAT Clause - Direct Object; FOR-TO Infinitive Clause - Prepositional Object

Intrebarea nr. 125

Choose the correct type and function of the embedded clause:

The fossils which that lucky amateur has unearthed right here in the valley are 80 million years old.

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - nominal modifier

Restrictive Relative Clause - nominal modifier

THAT Clause - Direct Object

THAT Clause - Subject

Free Relative Clause - Attribute

Intrebarea nr. 126

Choose the correct function of the embedded clause:

The readings of the sensors also automatically trigger readjustments of the system, which is not the

case now.

Nominal modifier

Sentence modifier

VP modifier

Predicative

Adverbial of Manner

Intrebarea nr. 127

Choose the correct type and function of the embedded clause:

I imagine you have double-checked the entire installation.

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - Direct Object

Free Relative Clause - Predicative

THAT Clause - Prepositional Object

THAT Clause - Direct Object

Free Relative Clause - Direct Object

Intrebarea nr. 128

Which is the correct function of the underlined phrase?

The prisoner was unanimously recognised as a real brute.

Attribute

(Derived) Subject Complement

Prepositional Object

(Derived) Object Complement

Predicative

Intrebarea nr. 129

Which of the following strings contains an inherent semantic negation?

It was barely her transient beauty but her inexhaustible wit that had so deeply and irreversibly seduced

him.

To the great surprise and sorrow of the defence, the judge did not dismiss the charges against the two

under age accomplices.

For a second or two, the thought that that was a time to run for his life, not to take pictures, had flashed

through John's terrified mind but professional habitude proved even stronger than the self-preservation

instinct.

It is a commonplace that true heroes are not fearless persons.

Lost and disoriented in the endlessness of the sub-Arctic tundra, the explorers could scarcely appreciate

the distance they had covered.

Intrebarea nr. 130

Indicate which transformations have occurred in case of the following string:

She has forgotten it amazingly quickly working hard for an honest living.

N-Gapping; Extraposition + IT Insertion; progressive BE Deletion

Extraposition + IT Insertion; deletion under indefiniteness of the Complement Subject

N-Gapping; deletion under identity of the Complement Subject

N-Gapping; Extraposition + IT Insertion

Extraposition + IT Insertion; deletion under identity of the Complement Subject

Intrebarea nr. 131

Choose the correct type and function of the embedded clause:

The footwear that would meet our explorers' demands must be expensive.

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - nominal modifier

THAT Clause - Direct Object

Restrictive Relative Clause - NP modifier

Free Relative Clause - Direct Object

Restrictive Relative Clause - nominal modifier

Intrebarea nr. 132

Which type of construction is illustrated by the following string?

The more and more evident decay of cultural and moral values is what should actually arrest our

attention.

Nominative + Present Participle Construction

Wh-Cleft Construction (focused element left to Copula BE, Free Relative Clause)

Infinitival Construction, the Complement Subject being deleted under indefiniteness

Accusative + Present Participle Construction

Nominative + (Derived) Subject Complement Construction

Intrebarea nr. 133

Choose the correct type and function of the embedded clause:

There is no aggressive elephant to beware of in this herd.

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause based on deletion - modifier

Free Relative Clause - Predicative

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause based on Wh-movement - modifier

TO Complementation - Adverbial of Result

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause based on deletion - Adverbial of Result

Intrebarea nr. 134

Choose the correct type(s) and function(s) of the embedded clause(s):

Their grossly ignoring the most elementary safety regulations almost killed this poor young worker.

Complementizerless THAT Clause - Subject; Full Gerund - Direct Object

Full Gerund - Subject

Free Relative Clause - Subject; Full Gerund - Predicative

Full Gerund - modifier

Non-Finite Participial Relative Clause - modifier

Intrebarea nr. 135

Choose the correct types and functions of the embedded clauses:

A normal endowment of common sense ought to tell one that reality may not always be what one

expects of it.

Infinitive Clause - Direct Object; Infinitive Clause - Predicative

Restrictive Relative Clause - Prepositional Object; Free Relative Clause - Direct Object

THAT Clause - Direct Object; Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause - Predicative

Restrictive Relative Clause - Attribute; Infinitive Clause - Direct Object

THAT Clause - Direct Object; Free Relative Clause - Predicative

Intrebarea nr. 136

Choose the correct type(s) and function(s) of the embedded clause(s):

Unexpectedly, crocodiles are so gentle and caring with their offspring as to carry the hatchlings in

their mouth without harming them.

Infinitive Clause - Adverbial of Result

Infinitive Clause - Adverbial of Purpose

Infinitive Clause - Adverbial of Result; Gerundial Clause - Prepositional Object

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause - Attribute; Gerundial Clause - Attribute

Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clause - Adverbial of Purpose

Intrebarea nr. 137

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

This unstable structure would not bear ___ once again.

shaken

shaking

that is shaking

that it shakes

which is shaking

Intrebarea nr. 138

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

After a week's search, the missing members of the crew were declared ___ at sea.

(to be) lost

to disappear

to lose

that they are lost

that they have been lost

Intrebarea nr. 139

Choose the correct function of the embedded clause:

The latest terrorist threat was serious enough to be discussed at the highest levels of the

administration.

Adverbial of Manner

Indirect Object

Adverbial of Result

Attribute

Prepositional Object

Intrebarea nr. 140

Choose the correct function of the Relative Clause Introducer:

The lioness the tracks of which they had lost was later spotted by the bushmen.

Subject

Genitive Determiner

Predicative

Indirect Object

Prepositional Object

Intrebarea nr. 141

Identify the semantico-pragmatic factor involved in the relatedness of clauses in case of the following

string:

The engine of my car does no longer start presently and smoothly, and I suspect a malfunction of the

ignition system.

temporal relatedness

meaning relatedness among lexemes

cause - effect relatedness

relatedness due to compatibility, common topic

relatedness due to the presence of Relators

Intrebarea nr. 142

Choose the correct type(s) and function(s) of the embedded clause(s):

Present day brain surgery makes use of cutting-edge techniques and technology, whereby doctors

succeed in performing operations nobody dreamed of just a few years ago.

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - NP modifier; Gerundial Clause - Prepositional Object; Restrictive

Relative Clause - nominal modifier

Gerundial Clause - Adverbial of Purpose

Gerundial Clause - Prepositional Object; Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - VP modifier

Gerundial Clause - Predicative

Free Relative Clause - Attribute; Restrictive Relative Clause - nominal modifier

Intrebarea nr. 143

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

There ___ be more such dedicated professors in every university!

had better

as well

would rather

either

well

Intrebarea nr. 144

Choose the correct function of the Relative Clause Introducer:

Honestly, I don't have the slightest idea about who is going to get the promotion.

Prepositional Object

Subject

Determiner

Direct Object

Indirect Object

Intrebarea nr. 145

Which of the following Verbs can take two Prepositional Objects, out of which one may be clausal?

blame

argue

deny

instruct

remember

Intrebarea nr. 146

Indicate which operation(s) or rule(s) has (have) applied in the following string:

By any means, it doesn't appear that the same stupid kind of so-called entertainment can be a

delight for the viewers to watch almost every night on almost any channel.

Extraposition (+ IT Insertion) of THAT Clause from Subject position; Negative Raising; Polarity Reversal

Rule; deletion under identity of the Infinitival Complement Subject; Tough Movement

Subject-to-Subject Raising

IT-Cleaving; deletion under indefiniteness of the Infinitival Complement Subject; BE Deletion; Polarity

Reversal Rule

Subject-to-Object Raising; Negative Raising; deletion under indefiniteness of the Infinitival Complement

Subject

IT-Cleaving; Subject-to-Subject Raising

Intrebarea nr. 147

Which of the following items can introduce an Infinitive Clause functioning as an Adverbial?

if

if only

only

unless

else

Intrebarea nr. 148

Indicate which transformations have occurred in case of the following string:

The woman realised her son intended trying once more to climb that deadly mountain.

Subject-to-Subject Raising; Copula BE Deletion; N-Gapping

Extraposition; deletion under indefiniteness of the Complement Subject

Subject-to-Object Raising; Copula BE Deletion

THAT Deletion; deletion under identity of the Gerund and the Infinitive Complement Subjects

Subject-to-Object Raising; progressive BE Deletion

Intrebarea nr. 149

Which of the following operations presupposes the existence of an iterated and sequentially ordered

co-referentiality?

Independent relativisation

'One' Deletion

Conjunction Reduction at PNP level

Tough Movement

recursive embedding

Intrebarea nr. 150

Choose the correct type(s) and function(s) of the embedded clause(s):

Actually, John could not stand his young wife's permanently worrying about whatever might happen

to the child.

Free Relative Clause - Indirect Object

Full Gerund - Indirect Object

Full Gerund - Direct Object; Free Relative Clause - Prepositional Object

Half Gerund - Direct Object; Free Relative Clause - Indirect Object

Non-Restrictive Relative Clause - Sentence modifier

Intrebarea nr. 151

Choose the correct statement:

Relative Clauses cannot be extraposed.

Free Relative Clauses never function as Indirect Objects.

Within Restrictive Relative Clauses, which can also function as a Determiner.

That can relativise a Genitive.

The preposed constituent in Non-Finite Infinitival Relative Clauses based on Wh-movement is always a

Prepositional Phrase.

Intrebarea nr. 152

Which of the following possible antecedent determiners triggers a preference for that as a Relative

Clause Introducer?

my

both

the

this

all

Intrebarea nr. 153

Which of the following items is a [+ temporal] incomplete Negator?

until

scarcely

ever

not all that

never

Intrebarea nr. 154

Which of the following Verbs corresponds to the subcategorisation frame /_ PNP-S/?

drink

seem

kill

agree

tempt

Intrebarea nr. 155

Choose the correct statement:

With Gerunds functioning as Prepositional Objects, the preposition has to be deleted.

Subordination by complementation is grounded upon the referential identity between two nominals.

Only Verbs of physical perception rendering accidental, non-intended and / or non-durative perception

can be Subject-to-Object Raising triggers.

Negative Attraction (without Incorporation) is more frequent in post-Auxiliary position.

In case of Adversative Coordination, the relation is a binary one.

Intrebarea nr. 156

Which of the following possible antecedent determiners prevents the occurrence of Non-Restrictive

Relative Clauses?

both

each

these

the

this

Intrebarea nr. 157

Which of the following Verbs can take two sentential arguments?

prove

glitter

give

cut

run

Intrebarea nr. 158

Which of the following Connectors cannot be preceded by another Connector?

because

if

therefore

or

yet

Intrebarea nr. 159

In which of the following environments the Polarity Reversal Rule is optional?

Conditional Clauses featuring the Complementizer if

none of the three environments above

Comparative Clauses introduced by than or as

Interrogative Sentences

any of the three environments above

Intrebarea nr. 160

Choose the correct statement:

THAT Clauses behave similarly to NPs with respect to Coordination.

Effective semantic relations imply a sequence of states of affairs.

The occurrence of Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses presupposes a [- specific] antecedent.

The 'Either-Conjoining' Test requires of both sentences to be Negative.

Semantically, the Full Gerund has an event interpretation.

Intrebarea nr. 161

Choose the correct variant:

The obligatory deletion under (referential) identity or under indefiniteness of the Complement Subject

is a prerequisite of:

Conjunction Reduction

Subject-to-Object Raising

Subject Control

Tough Movement

Relativisation

Intrebarea nr. 162

Which of the following Verbs can co-occur with Gerunds with passive meaning?

guess

persist

elect

become

deserve

Intrebarea nr. 163

Choose the correct variant:

The Noun miracle can take as its sentential Subject:

any of the four types above

a Free Relative Clause

an Infinitive Clause

a THAT Clause

a Gerundial Clause

Intrebarea nr. 164

Which of the following situations prevents THAT Deletion?

The clause is an Object Clause, and it is questioned.

The matrix Verb is an intransitive (existential) verb.

The clause is an Object Clause, and it is relativised.

The Complement Subject is a pronoun.

The clause is an extraposed Object.

Intrebarea nr. 165

Which of the following prepositions is obligatorily fronted in relativisation out of P-NP strings?

through

concerning

by

beneath

out

Intrebarea nr. 166

Which of the following semantic relations is not a circumstantial one?

purpose

manner

comparative

none of the four listed above

temporal

Intrebarea nr. 167

Choose the correct variant:

The Noun fact can take a THAT Clause functioning as:

any of the three functions above

Subject

Attribute

Predicative

none of the three functions above

Intrebarea nr. 168

Which of the following Connectors triggers agreement by proximity?

neither . nor

inclusive, weakly disjunctive OR

equally . and

both . and

not only . but also

Intrebarea nr. 169

Which of the following rules applies upon [- specific] and [- referential] constituents?

recursive embedding

N-Gapping

Subject Control

Negative Raising

Negative Attraction

Intrebarea nr. 170

Which of the following items can be a Relative Clause Introducer?

for

to

as

or

like

Intrebarea nr. 171

Which of the following Nouns cannot take a THAT clausal Predicative?

reason

problem

revision

fear

advantage

Intrebarea nr. 172

Choose the correct statement:

Causal, consecutive, concessive, conditional, and purpose relations belong to the class of circumstantial

semantic relations.

Out of two or several elements in a sentence that are potentially capable of incorporating the NEG, only

the first one actually attracts and incorporates it.

Coordination can only express equivalence in both formal and semantico-pragmatic terms.

Subordination can be manifest at the level of phrases or of words.

Sentences containing grammatical Negative Polarity Items always have Affirmative counterparts.

Intrebarea nr. 173

Which of the following Nouns can occur in Tough Movement patterns?

death

instinct

silence

noise

burden

Intrebarea nr. 174

Which of the following Verbs can be a Subject-to-Object Raising trigger?

appear

come

die

hold

live

Intrebarea nr. 175

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

The technique presupposes the precise isolation of a certain DNA sequence, the structure of ___

would be then modified.

that

what

whatever

whom

which

Intrebarea nr. 176

Which of the following Adjectives can take a THAT Clause as Subject?

blond

wet

fresh

warm

unfair

Intrebarea nr. 177

Which of the following constructions is the result of progressive BE Deletion applying in a Subject-to-

Subject Raising pattern?

IT-Cleft Construction

Gerundial Construction

Nominative + Present Participle Construction

Nominative + (Derived) Subject Complement Construction

Wh-Cleft Construction

Intrebarea nr. 178

Choose the correct statement:

Complex NP Shift does not apply with Gerunds.

Inchoative Verbs are Subject-to-Object Raising triggers.

Connectedness resides in the presence of Connectors.

Matrix Verbs of perceptual approximation allow Negative Raising.

Cases of weakly disjunctive OR trigger agreement by proximity.

Intrebarea nr. 179

Which of the following Nouns can take a sentential Subject?

pity

soap

candy

devil

poverty

Intrebarea nr. 180

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

SEALS members are specially trained to be able to surpass ___ difficulties they may encounter

during their missions.

whither

which

that

whereat

whatever

Intrebarea nr. 181

Choose the correct variant:

Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses modifying long and heavy NPs allow:

Extraposition and IT Insertion

Extraposition (not followed by IT Insertion)

Subject Control

Dative Movement

passive BE Deletion

Intrebarea nr. 182

Which of the following items is a lexical Affirmative Polarity Item?

at all

long since

once

still

too

Intrebarea nr. 183

Which of the following Verbs can be a Subject-to-Subject Raising trigger?

admit

prove

sleep

deny

listen

Intrebarea nr. 184

Which of the following statements is correct?

Gapping deletes identical Adverbials.

The complete Negator NOT may trigger local negation.

Only Full Gerunds can function as Subjects.

None of the four previous statements is correct.

That cannot introduce a Relative Clause the antecedent of which is determined by a superlative.

Intrebarea nr. 185

Which of the following items cannot be a Relative Clause Introducer?

whatsoever

as

whither

either

that

Intrebarea nr. 186

Which of the following Verbs is a bisentential one?

feel

indicate

plan

commence

understand

Intrebarea nr. 187

Choose the correct variant:

Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses cannot be:

Sentence modifiers

AP modifiers

NP modifiers

PNP modifiers

nominal modifiers

Intrebarea nr. 188

Choose the correct variant:

The presence of an indefinite item in pre-Auxiliary1 position triggers:

obligatory Negative Incorporation

Dative Movement

optional Polarity Reversal Rule

Subject Control

Subject-to-Object Raising

Intrebarea nr. 189

Which of the following prepositions can co-occur with Gerunds with passive meaning?

beyond

for

upon

about

on

Intrebarea nr. 190

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

Here is the list of people and materials ___ we need for this special operation.

whatever

whichever

that

which

what

Intrebarea nr. 191

Which of the following Verbs can be a Subject-to-Object Raising trigger?

make

occur

remove

fly

swim

Intrebarea nr. 192

Which of the following Verbs cannot be a Subject-to-Object Raising trigger?

occasion

agree

let

hold

say

Intrebarea nr. 193

Which of the following Nouns can take a sentential Subject?

soil

ignition

cup

gear

illusion

Intrebarea nr. 194

Which of the following items can replace a PNP functioning as Manner Adverbial?

much

whereby

as

none of the four items above

that

Intrebarea nr. 195

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

Nobody there fully understood ___ he really meant by uttering those words.

as

what

that

which

whence

Intrebarea nr. 196

Which of the following items is a [- assertive] Relative Clause antecedent determiner?

scarcely

a(n)

if

by no means

as

Intrebarea nr. 197

Choose the correct statement:

Right Node Raising is a forward rule in English.

THAT Clauses pass the 'pseudo-cleft' test.

The Accusative + Infinitive Construction is the result of passivising the Main Clause after Subject-to-

Object Raising.

Affirmative Sentences are pragmatically more constrained than Negative Sentences.

Interrogative Sentences are [+ assertive] environments.

Intrebarea nr. 198

Which of the following items is not a grammatical Negative Polarity Item?

in any way

either

ever

yet

nevertheless

Intrebarea nr. 199

Which of the following Verbs can take an Infinitive Clause as Prepositional Object?

snore

have

consent

purr

knit

Intrebarea nr. 200

Which of the following items can occur in a string featuring a Gerund with passive meaning?

across

above

under

past

over

Intrebarea nr. 201

Which of the following constructions may feature either a Free or a Restrictive Relative Clause, and

render a thematic focus occurring right to Copula BE?

none of the four constructions above

Participial Construction

Wh-movement Infinitival Relative Clause Construction

IT-Cleft Construction

Wh-Cleft Construction

Intrebarea nr. 202

Which of the following items is not a typical Relative Clause Introducer?

what

which

where

why

who

Intrebarea nr. 203

Which of the following Adjectives can take a THAT Clause as Subject?

sheer

cold

anxious

eager

incorrect

Intrebarea nr. 204

Which of the following prepositions is obligatorily fronted in relativisation out of P-NP strings?

at

during

to

about

beyond

Intrebarea nr. 205

Which of the following constructions is the result of Copula BE Deletion applying in an Infinitival

Direct Object pattern?

Nominative + Present Participle Construction

IT-Cleft Construction

Object Complement Construction

Accusative + (Derived) Object Complement Construction

Gerundial Construction

Intrebarea nr. 206

Which of the following items is a [- temporal] incomplete Negator?

scarcely

at all

still

until

seldom

Intrebarea nr. 207

Which of the following items is a [- negative] [- assertive] environment?

Object Clause

Comparative Clause

contradictory negation

local negation

metalinguistic negation

Intrebarea nr. 208

Choose the correct statement:

Gerunds are not allowed as "internal clauses".

Aspectual distinctions are lost in Infinitival and Gerundial Complement Clauses.

Infinitive Clauses are less sentency than THAT Clauses.

Matrix exercitive Verbs of command or of permission trigger the occurrence of the Subjunctive in Subject

THAT Clauses.

Right Node Raising deletes identical prepositions.

Intrebarea nr. 209

Which of the following Verbs can be a Subject-to-Subject Raising trigger?

apply

occur

grasp

rehearse

fill

Intrebarea nr. 210

Which of the following operations implies the existence of a semantically indefinite Complement

Subject?

nominalisation

'One' Deletion

Negative Raising

BE Deletion

THAT Deletion

Intrebarea nr. 211

Which of the following statements is correct?

The 'Neither' Tag Test requires of two conjoined sentences that the second one should be Negative.

The inherently [± assertive] marking of a Polarity Item has to oppose the derivationally assigned [±

assertive] feature.

Whenever it occurs in a string, the Negator NOT has scope over an entire sentential constituent.

The metalinguistic use of Negation employs a distinctive stress with contrastive function.

None of the four previous statements is correct.

Intrebarea nr. 212

Choose the appropriate to fill in the blanks variant:

We could find no fellow worker or client to have been ___ offended by his words or behaviour.

in any way

to a certain extent

somehow

at all

somewhat

Intrebarea nr. 213

Which of the following statements is correct?

Causative Verbs are Tough Movement triggers.

Semantically, the Half Gerund has a manner interpretation.

With Verbs taking a clausal Infinitival Direct Object, and also an Indirect Object or Prepositional Object,

the identity between the Complement Subject and the Object in the Main Clause is an obligatory

condition.

None of the four previous statements is correct.

Gerunds never undergo Extraposition from Object position.

Intrebarea nr. 214

Which of the following Adjectives can be a Subject-to-Subject Raising trigger?

young

dark

sure

loud

slim

Intrebarea nr. 215

Choose the correct variant:

The semantic equivalence between the initial string and the resulting one is a condition

for:

Wh-movement

relativisation

Negative Incorporation

Preposition Deletion

Negative Raising

Intrebarea nr. 216

Which of the following Verbs subcategorises for a clausal Direct Object (THAT Clause), and an

Indirect Object or a Prepositional Object (/_ S-PNP/)?

bother

suggest

walk

confuse

eat

Intrebarea nr. 217

Which of the following Verbs can take two sentential arguments?

hear

amaze

imply

insist

believe

Intrebarea nr. 218

Choose the correct variant:

Complement Clauses cannot function as:

Attributes

Predicatives

Prepositional Objects

Direct Objects

Indirect Objects

Intrebarea nr. 219

Choose the correct variant:

One Affirmative and one Negative conjunct in a Compound Subject NP trigger agreement:

with the Negative conjunct

in the plural

by proximity

in the singular

with the Affirmative conjunct

Intrebarea nr. 220

Which of the following Nouns can occur in Tough Movement patterns?

article

curse

plum

vow

education