Dosar de gramatica in limba engleza

Dosar de gramatica in limba engleza

Cele mai importante verbe

The verb to be = a fi

I am I’m

You are                            You’re

He/she/ it is                   He’s/she’s/it’s

We are                            We’re

You are                            You’re

They are                          They’re

The verb to have= a avea

I have

You have

He/she/it has

We have

You have

They have

The verb to do= a face

I do

You do

He/she/it does

We do

You do

They do

Pronumele personal

I= eu

You= tu

He= el

She= ea

It= el/ ea (pentru animale,obiecte,plante)

We= noi

You= voi

They= ei/ ele

Retine!!!

Pronumele personal “I” (eu) se scrie intotdeauna cu majuscule indiferent de pozitia pe care o ocupa in propozitie.

Pisica este pe masa.

The cat is on the table.

It is on the table.

Object pronouns

Singular                           Plural

I- me                          We- us

You- you                        You- you

He- him                         They- their

She- her

It- it

Numeralul

0=zero

1= one

2= two

3= three

4= four

5= five

6= six

7= seven

8= eight

9= nine

10= ten

11= eleven

12= twelve

13= thirteen

14= fourteen

15= fifteen

16= sixteen

17= seventeen

18= eighteen

19= nineteen

20= twenty

The first= primul         1-st

The second= al doilea     2-nd

The third= al treilea      3-rd

The fourth= al patrulea 4-th

The fifth= a cincea/ al cincelea  5-th

Intrebari

What Ce?
Where Unde?
Who Cine?
When Cand?
Why De ce?
Which Care?
What time La ce ora?
Who’s A/ al/ ai/ ale cui?
How Cum?
How much Cat/ a?

How many Cati/ Cate?

How often Cat de des?

Antonime

hot= cald

cold= frig

big= mare

small= mic

hungry= infometat

thirsty= insetat

right= correct

wrong= gresit

beautiful/ pretty= frumos/ dragut

ugly= urat

fast= repede

slow= incet

today= astazi

tomorrow= maine

here= aici

there= acolo

slim= slab

fat= gras

young= tanar

alt= batran

before= inainte

after= dupa

Referat: Fratii Jderi de Mihail Sadoveanu - idei principale Referat: Secventa narativa - unitatea structurala de baza este propozitia

Possessive  adjectives

Singular                            Plural

I- my                                we- our

You- your                          you- your

He- his                  they- their

She- her

Simple Present=Prezentul Simplu

Retine!

Spre deosebire de limba germana, unde verbul conjugat primeste terminatii la toate persoanele, in limba engleza verbul conjugat la present primeste terminatia “(e)s” la persoana a 3-a, singular.

The verb to speak= a vorbi

I speak

You speak

He/ she/ it speaks

We speak

You speak

They speak

Retineti!

Atunci cand verbul este terminat la infinitive in “s” sau “z”, “x”, “o”, “ch” primeste la persoana a 3-a, singular terminatia “es”.

The verb to watch= a privi

I watch

You watch

He/ she/ it watches

We watch

You watch

They watch

The verb to go= a merge

I go

You go

He/ she/ it goes

We go

You go

They go

Interogativ

Do you speak English?

Vorbesti tu engleza?

Interogativ:

Do+S+V+ . +?

Yes, I do.= Da, vorbesc.

Yes, I do speak English.= Da, eu vorbesc engleza.

Yes, I speak English.= Da, eu vorbesc engleza.

No, I don’t speak English.= Nu, eu nu vorbesc engleza.

No, I don’t.= Nu, eu nu vorbesc.

Afirmativ:

Yes+S+(Do)+V+ .

Negativ:

No+S+Don’t+V+ .

Cuvintele care cer prezentul simplu sunt:

every day= in fiecare zi

every week= in fiecare saptamana

every month= in fiecare luna

every year= in fiecare an

every morning= in fiecare dimineata

every afternoon= in fiecare dupa-amiaza

every evening= in fiecare seara

every night= in fiecare noapte

in the morning= dimineata

in noon= la pranz

in the afternoon= dupa-amiaza

in the evening= seara

at night= noaptea

every Monday= in fiecare luni

every Tuesday= in fiecare marti

every Wednesday= in fiecare miercuri

every Thursday= in fiecare joi

every Friday= in fiecare vineri

every Saturday= in fiecare sambata

every Sunday= in fiecare duminica

on Monday= lunea

on Tuesday= martea

on Wednesday= miercurea

on Thursday= joia

on Friday= vinerea

on Saturday= sambata

on Sunday= duminica

every January= in fiecare ianuarie

every February= in fiecare februarie

every March= in fiecare martie

every April= in fiecare aprilie

every May= in fiecare mai

every June= in fiecare iunie

every July= in fiecare iulie

every August= in fiecare august

every September= in fiecare septembrie

every October= in fiecare octombrie

every November= in fiecare noiembrie

every December= in fiecare decembrie

in January= in  ianuaruie

in Februar= in februarie

in March= in martie

in April= in aprilie

in May= in mai

in June= in iunie

in July= in iulie

in August= in august

in September= in septembrie

in October= in octobrie

in November= in noiembrie

in December= in decembrie

every spring= in fiecare primavera

every summer= in fiecare vara

every autumn= in fiecare toamna

every winter= in fiecare iarna

in spring= primavera

in summer= vara

in autumn= toamna

in winter= iarna

always= intotdeauna

usually= de obicei

often= adesea

sometimes= cateodata

never= niciodata

once a week= o data pe saptamana

twice a week= de doua ori pe saptamana

three times a week= de trei ori pe saptamana

Situatii in care se foloseste prezentul

Lucruri care sunt intotdeauna adevarate:

Water boils al 100.

Apa fierbe la o suta de grade.

Actiuni care se repeat, obisnuinte:

British people drink a lot of tea.

Britanii beau mult ceai.

Stari:

I hate horrors.

Mi-e nu-mi plac filmele de groaza.

Instructiuni:

First you cut the onions and after thet you cut the potatoes.

Prima data tai cepele si dupa care tai cartofii.

Titluri din ziare:

Traffic Accidents Kill People on the Main Road

Oameni morti in accidente de circulatie pe sosea

Comentarii meteo, sport (de televiziune):

Beckam passes the ball to Mutu passes the ball to Hagi.

Beckam ii paseaza mingea lui Mutu care paseaza mingea lui Hagi.

7) Program official:
The train leaves at five o’clock.

Trenul pleaca la ora cinci.

Demonstratii stintifice si practice:
Acids are substances that demage the skin.

Acizii sunt substante care afecteaza pielea.

9) Declaratii:
I bet that you can’tdo that.

Pariez ca nu poate sa faca asta.

Glume, povestiri:

The lord tells his butler to call a taxi. The butler, whonever contradicts his master says .

Stapanul ii spune majordomului sau sa cheme un taxi. Majordomul, care niciodata nu-l contrzice, spune .

Reguli

Regula

Cand avem propozitii in care se foloseste verbul “to be”, propozitia interogativa se construieste prin inversarea subiectului cu predicatul.

The camera is on the table.= Camera este pe masa.

Is the camera on the table?

Regula

Atunci cand conjugam verbul la present, verbele terminate in “y” si precedate de o vocala, “y” ramane la fel si se adauga doar terminatia “s” la persoana a 3- a singular.

to play-plays-he, she, it

Atunci cand conjugam verbul la present, verbele terminate in “y” si precedate de o consoana, “y” se transforma in “ie” si se adauga terminatia “es”.

a zbura- to fly- flies- he, she, it

a plange- to cry-cries- he, she,it

a spiona- to spy-spies-he, she, it

this= acesta/ aceasta

these=acestia/ acestea

arata apropierea

that=acela/ aceea

those=aceia/ acelea

arata departarea

Regula

In limba engleza avem doua feluri de infinitiv:

Infinitiv      lung (to write)

Infinitiv      scurt (write)

Present Continuous=Prezentul Continuu

Prezentul continuu se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului “to be si exprima o actiune continua, aflata in desfasurare, in momentul vorbirii.

Present Continuous= to be+ vb. (conjugat ing

to be= a fi

Sg: I am                           Pl: We are

You are You are

He is They are

She is

It is

Probleme de scriere a verbului in ing

In cazul in care verbul se termina intr-un “e” mut, acesta dispare.

Ex:  to have-having

to write-writing

to drive-driving

Exceptii:

to be-being

to see-seeing

to agree-agreeing

Verbele monosilabice care se termina intr-o consoana precedata de o vocala dubleaza consoana finala.

Ex: to sit-sitting

to stop-stopping

to dig-digging

to swim-swimming

Verbele terminate in “y” pastreaza semivocala indifferent daca este precedata de o vocala sau de o consoana.

Ex: to try-trying

to fly-flying

to play-playing

to say-saying

Terminatia “ie” a verbelor sa transforma in “y”

Ex: to die=dying

to lie-lying

Situatii in care se foloseste prezentul continuu

Actiune in progress care are loc in momentul vorbirii (now)

I am writing now.

Eu scriu acum.

Actiune temporara

The dog is sleeping in our bed.

Cainele doarme pe patul nostru.

Actiune temporara repetata

Whenever I go to the seaside I am staying at my aunt.

Ori de cate ori (De fiecare data) (cand) ma duc (merg) la mare stau la matusa mea.

Actiune in progress, dar nu in momentul vorbirii

I am learning to drive.

Eu invat sa conduc.

Lucruri care te deranjeaza, obiceiuri care te deranjeaza

You are always smoking in my room.

Intotdeauna fumezi la mine in camera.

Stari care se schimba

He is learning better and better.

El invata din ce in ce mai bine.

They are getting older.

Ei imbatranesc.

Program personal

I am seeing my doctor tomorrow.

Imi vad doctoral maine.

The Future=Viitorul

Viitorul se formeaza cu ajutorul verbului “will”.

S+ will+ vb. la infinitiv+ .

Exemplu: I will eat that cake.

Interogativ

Will+ S+ vb. La infinitive+ . +

Exemplu: Will you speak to me in English?

Yes I will (speak to you in English)

No, I will not (speak to you in English)

Negativ

No,+ S+ will not+ infinitive+ .

Exemplu: I will not help you.

Regula:    Viitorul este folosit pentru a exprima o decizie imediata ( I will take yhis one), o precizare (That will be John at the door) si pentru a exprima fapte pe care le stii ca fiind adevarate (I will be late at home this evening)